Combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing for acute exacerbations in chronic infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.

Antibiotic therapy for acute pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis is usually chosen based on the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of individual drugs. Combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing assesses the efficacy of drug combinations including two or three antibiotics in vitro and can often demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy against bacterial isolates even when individual antibiotics have little or no effect.

Therefore, choosing antibiotics based on combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing could potentially improve response to treatment in people with cystic fibrosis with acute exacerbations.

This is an updated version of a previously published review.To compare antibiotic therapy based on conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing to antibiotic therapy based on combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis and chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

2',3',5'-triacetyl-5-Azacytidine
C4119-5 5 mg
EUR 118
Description: 2',3',5'-triacetyl-5-Azacytidine (TAC) is the lead prodrug form of 5-azacytidine which may be rapidly absorbed after oral administration [1]. 5-Azacytidine is an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase [2].

Aftin-5
2575-5
EUR 457

CHD-5
2693-5
EUR 153

Necrostatin-5
1865-5
EUR 126

Histatin 5
5-01307 4 x 1mg Ask for price

GNF-5
B1329-5
EUR 142

5-ROX
B8212-5 5 mg
EUR 195

5-Iodotubercidin
A3125-5 5 mg
EUR 168
Description: 5-Iodotubercidin (Itu) is a purine derivative and hence an inhibitor of adenosine kinase with an IC50 value of 26 nM [1]. Adenosine kinase is important in regulating the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of adenosine and hence diverse physiological actions of adenosine [2].

Thrombin Receptor Activator for Peptide 5 (TRAP-5)
A1036-5 5 mg
EUR 102
Description: Thrombin Receptor Activator for Peptide 5 (TRAP-5),(C30H50N8O7), a peptide with the sequence NH2-Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-COOH, MW= 634.76. coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in the regulation of thrombotic response.

2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine
2770-5
EUR 240

TRAP-5 amide
5-02019 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[Cit5]-TRAP-5
5-00062 4 x 5mg Ask for price

A-VI-5
5-00524 4 x 5mg Ask for price

ACTH(5-10)
5-00605 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Angiotensin (1-5)
5-00676 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Bradykinin (1-5)
5-00852 4 x 5mg Ask for price

W-5 hydrochloride
B6277-5 5 mg
EUR 116

5-Nonyloxytryptamine oxalate
B6496-5 5 mg
EUR 154

Teicoplanin A2-5
C4938-5 5 mg
EUR 1157
Description: Teicoplanin A2-5, derived from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, is a glycopeptide antibiotic which produces a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against gram-positive bacteria.

5-fluoro 203
C4114-5 5 mg
EUR 154
Description: 5-fluoro 203 (5F-203) is an antitumor agent and cytotoxic compound that acts as a potent AhR agonist [1][2][3]. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in regulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450.

5'-deoxy Thymidine
C4692-5 5 mg
EUR 180
Description: 5'-Deoxy Thymidine has been used as a research tool for antiviral and anticancer studies. 5'-Deoxy Thymidine can be used to study the entry mechanism into human erythrocytes in comparison with other deoxythymidines.

5-Formylcytosine (5-fC) ELISA Kit
MET-5102-5 5 x 96 assays
EUR 2283

5-Carboxylcytosine (5-caC) ELISA Kit
MET-5103-5 5 x 96 assays
EUR 2283

Necrosis Inhibitor, Necrox-5
2229-5
EUR 615

Secretin (5 - 27), porcine
5-01917 4 x 1mg Ask for price

SH2 Domain Ligand (5)
5-01929 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Boc-5-Ava-OH
5-04607 25g Ask for price

Boc-5-Ava-OH
5-04608 100g Ask for price

Fmoc-5-Ava-OH
5-04609 5g Ask for price

Fmoc-5-Ava-OH
5-04610 25g Ask for price

Dok- 5 (263 - 275)
5-01048 4 x 5mg Ask for price

5-Nitroso-8-quinolinol
B2825-5
EUR 109

AICA riboside, 5'-phosphate
9416-5
EUR 153

5-trans U-46619
C4261-5 5 mg
EUR 538
Description: 5-trans U-46619 is a minor impurity (2-5%) which variably exists in most commercial preparations of U-46619 [1]. U-46619 is a selective thromboxane A2 agonist involved in inducing platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle contraction [2].

2',5'-dideoxy Adenosine
C3993-5 5 mg
EUR 189
Description: 2',5'-dideoxy Adenosine, a nucleoside analog, is one of the first identified cell-permeable, P-site inhibitors of adenylate cyclase [1]. Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in almost all cells.

5'-(N-Cyclopropyl)carboxamidoadenosine
C4645-5 5 mg
EUR 128

FAM azide, 5- isomer
A8117-5 5 mg
EUR 166
Description: FAM azide for Click chemistry labeling. FAM remains one of the most popular fluorescent lablels for various application. Most instruments capable of fluorescence detection, ranging from plate readers to fluorescence microscopes, are able to work in FAM channel.

ROX azide, 5- isomer
A8126-5 5 mg
EUR 583
Description: ROX (rhodamine-X) azide, solid material, and 10 mM solution in DMSO, labeling reagent for Click Chemistry. ROX is a red-emitting rhodamine dye possessing high brightness and fluorescence quantum yield.Pure 5-isomer.

TAMRA azide, 5- isomer
A8129-5 5 mg
EUR 583
Description: TAMRA (TMR, tetramethylrhodamine) azide, solid compound, and 10 mM solution in DMSO, labeling reagent for Click Chemistry. Pure 5-isomer.TAMRA is often used as FRET acceptor for FAM fluorophore.

Individual Reaction Mix 5
G065-5 200 reactions
EUR 167

2-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride
2768-5
EUR 185

Angiotensin 1/2 (1-5)
A1047-5 5 mg
EUR 119
Description: Angiotensin I/II (1-5) is a peptide (ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE) that contains the amino acids 1-5 and is converted from Angiotensin I/II.Angiotensin I is formed by the action ofreninonangiotensinogen, an ?-2-globulin with 12 amino acids.

Angiotensin 1/2 (5-7)
A1049-5 5 mg
EUR 119
Description: Angiotensin 1/2 (5-7), (C17H27N5O4), a peptide with the sequence H2N-Ile-His-Pro-OH, MW=365.43. Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure.

HIV-gp41-Antigenic Peptide 5
5-01331 4 x 1mg Ask for price

Fmoc-Trp(5-OH)-OH
5-06939 5g Ask for price

Fmoc-Trp(5-OH)-OH
5-06940 25g Ask for price

[Pyr5]-Substance P (5-11)
5-00288 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[Trp3, Arg5]-Ghrelin (1-5)
5-00313 4 x 5mg Ask for price

beta-Casomorphin (1-5) (bovine)
5-00475 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Angiotensin I/II (5-8)
5-00684 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Cholecystokinin Octapeptide (1-5) (desulfated)
5-00970 4 x 5mg Ask for price

3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronine
B2017-5
EUR 229

Helioxanthin derivative 5-4-2
B4700-5 5 mg
EUR 683
Description: Helioxanthin derivative 5-4-2, an analogue of helioxanthin (ACH126447), is a small-molecule inhibitor of HBV, HSV-1and HSV-2 virus with EC50 values of 0.08 ?M, 0.29 ?M and 0.16 ?M, respectively [1].

3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronine
C5014-5 5 mg
EUR 134
Description: 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (reverse T3 or rT3) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) are the metabolism of thyroxine (T4) [1]. 3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronine is thyroid hormone receptors TR? and TR? antagonist [1].

5?-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone
C4317-5 5 mg
EUR 586
Description: 5?-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone (11KDHT) is a full androgen receptor agonist comparable to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) [1][2][3].

2'-O-Methylpseudouridine-5'-Triphosphate
B7993-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 14023

2'-Fluoro-thymidine-5'-Triphosphate
B8035-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

Magnetic Beads (DNA) 5 mL
P920-5 NULL
EUR 0

pLenti-CLDN1 shRNA-5 Plasmid
PVTBAV04867-5 2 ug
EUR 356

7078D 5 PIPET 5ML STERILE STERILE
7078D-5 25/pk
EUR 217
Description: Disposable Pipets; Disposable Pipets, Serological, Misc

Beta-Sheet Breaker Peptide iA?5
A1005-5 5 mg
EUR 102
Description: Beta-Sheet Breaker Peptide iA?5 (C33H43N5O8), with the sequence H-Leu-Pro-Phe-Phe-Asp-OH, has been shown to inhibit amyloidogenesis in rat brain models.

Kinase Domain of Insulin Receptor (5)
5-01429 4 x 1mg Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Trp(5-Br)-OH
5-04217 1g Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Trp(5-Br)-OH
5-04218 5g Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Trp(5-Cl)-OH
5-04223 1g Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Trp(5-Cl)-OH
5-04224 5g Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Trp(5-F)-OH
5-04227 1g Ask for price

Fmoc-D-Trp(5-F)-OH
5-04228 5g Ask for price

Ac-DL-Trp(5-Br)-OH·DCHA
5-04229 1g Ask for price

Ac-DL-Trp(5-Br)-OH·DCHA
5-04230 5g Ask for price

Ac-DL-Trp(5-Cl)-OH·DCHA
5-04231 1g Ask for price

Ac-DL-Trp(5-Cl)-OH·DCHA
5-04232 5g Ask for price

Fmoc-2-amino-5-Methoxybenzoic acid
5-04549 1g Ask for price

Fmoc-2-amino-5-Methoxybenzoic acid
5-04550 5g Ask for price

Fmoc-3-Ala(5-Thiazoyl)-OH
5-05361 1g Ask for price

Fmoc-3-Ala(5-Thiazoyl)-OH
5-05362 5g Ask for price

beta-Casomorphin (1-5) amide (bovine)
5-00476 4 x 5mg Ask for price

cAMP Dependent PK Inhibitor (5-24)
5-00922 4 x 1mg Ask for price

3-bromo-5-phenyl Salicylic Acid
C4516-5 5 mg
EUR 370
Description: Ki: 140 nM for AKR1C1; 1.97 ?M for AKR1C2; 21 ?M for AKR1C3 3-bromo-5-phenyl Salicylic acid is an AKR1C1 inhibitor.

5-bromo-3-phenyl Salicylic Acid
C4610-5 5 mg
EUR 319

5-(N,N-dimethyl)-Amiloride (hydrochloride)
C3505-5 5 mg
EUR 180
Description: 5-(N, N-dimethyl)-Amiloride (hydrochloride), a derivative of amiloride, is an inhibitor of NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3. The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) is a protein that has been involved in intracellular pH homeostasis of many mammalian cell types.

2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-Triphosphate
B7959-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine-5'-Triphosphate
B7961-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-Triphosphate
B7962-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-Triphosphate
B7963-.5 5x100 µl (100 mM)
EUR 2059

Nickel NTA Magnetic Agarose Bead (5%)
MagNTANi5-5 5ml suspension
EUR 174

CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit (5 x 5 preps)
CBA-155-5 25 preps
EUR 3245
Description: Many solid tumors contain heterogeneous populations of normal and cancerous cells. Separation of these cell populations is key to an accurate assessment of the true genotypic and phenotypic differences between normal and tumor cells. Our CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate formation of colonies by cells from solid tumors. Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35mm culture dish. These colonies are isolated away from single (i.e. normal) cells by size filtration. The viable cells from these colonies can be easily recovered for further analysis.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
DLR-5-HT-Ge-48T 48T
EUR 469
  • Should the 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
DLR-5-HT-Ge-96T 96T
EUR 608
  • Should the 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Substance P (5-11)/Hepta-Substance P
5-01979 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Ala2]- beta-Casomorphin (1-5), bovine
5-00075 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Pro2]-beta-Casomorphin (1-5) , bovine
5-00133 4 x 5mg Ask for price

beta-Endorphin (1-5) + (16-31), human
5-00488 4 x 1mg Ask for price

Biotin-Kinase Domain of Insulin Receptor (5)
5-00799 4 x 1mg Ask for price

cAMP Dependent PK Inhibitor (5-22), amide
5-00921 4 x 1mg Ask for price

S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine chloride (hydrochloride)
B2826-5
EUR 120

DiagNano Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticles, 5 nm
CG-5 10mL
EUR 719

2-Acetamidophenyl 5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl sulfide
C4686-5 5 mg
EUR 232

DiagNano Fluorophore Labeled Gold Nanoparticles, 5 nm
GFL-5 1 mL
EUR 1053

5-min. Genomic DNA Prep for PCR
P930-5 NULL
EUR 0

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit
DLR-5-HIAA-Ge-48T 48T
EUR 575
  • Should the 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit
DLR-5-HIAA-Ge-96T 96T
EUR 753
  • Should the 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.

General 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
RD-5-HT-Ge-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 467

General 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
RD-5-HT-Ge-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 646

General 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
RDR-5-HT-Ge-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 488

General 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ELISA Kit
RDR-5-HT-Ge-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 676

[D-Ala2]- beta-Casomorphin (1-5) amide (bovine)
5-00074 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Ala2, Met5]- ß-Casomorphin (1-5), bovine
5-00092 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Pro2]-beta-Casomorphin (1-5) , bovine, amide
5-00134 4 x 5mg Ask for price

DiagNano Gold Nanoparticle Passive Conjugation Kit, 5 nm
GPK-5 1 kit
EUR 715

DiagNano Silica-Coated PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles, 5 nm
PG-5 10mL
EUR 719

Checkit Pro C02 - 5 pack
CP-C02-5 5pack
EUR 207
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 2uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C05 - 5 pack
CP-C05-5 5pack
EUR 198
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 5uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C10 - 5 pack
CP-C10-5 5pack
EUR 198
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 10uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C100 - 5 pack
CP-C100-5 5pack
EUR 179
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 100uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C20 - 5 pack
CP-C20-5 5pack
EUR 188
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 20uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C200 - 5 pack
CP-C200-5 5pack
EUR 179
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 200uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

Checkit Pro C50 - 5 pack
CP-C50-5 5pack
EUR 179
Description: Pipette Checkit Pro model for 50uL pipettes. Pack of 5.

General 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit
RDR-5-HIAA-Ge-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 613

General 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) ELISA Kit
RDR-5-HIAA-Ge-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 854

survivin (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5) (21-28)
A1092-5 5 mg
EUR 224
Description: Survivin (baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis IAP repeat-containing protein-5) is a member of the IAP gene family, which has been implicated in both inhibition of apoptosis and mitosis regulation1.

[D-Ala2, DPro4, Tyr5] -beta-Casomorphin (1-5), amide
5-00089 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Ala2, Hyp4, Tyr5]- beta-Casomorphin (1-5) amide
5-00090 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Ala2, Met5]- beta-Casomorphin (1-5) , bovine , amide
5-00093 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Single channel mini-pipette (130 mm) 5 ul, autoclavable
SCMP-5 1
EUR 92

Sodium chloride 5 M, 1000 ml
12-9191-5 1000 ml
EUR 96

OxiSelect Nitrotyrosine ELISA Kit (5 plates)
STA-305-5 5 x 96 assays
EUR 3240
Description: Nitric oxide influences a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, neurotoxicity and extracellular matrix remodeling. Nitric oxide reacts with superoxide to form peroxynitrite, which in turn nitrates tyrosine residues in proteins. Nitrotyrosine therefore serves as a marker for peroxynitrite action in a variety of disease states and in conditions of cellular damage and oxidative stress. Our OxiSelect Nitrotyrosine ELISA Kit provides a sensitive method to measure the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins.

Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) ELISA Kit
DLR-CA19-5-Hu-48T 48T
EUR 554
  • Should the Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) ELISA Kit
DLR-CA19-5-Hu-96T 96T
EUR 725
  • Should the Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) ELISA Kit
RDR-CA19-5-Hu-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 589

Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) ELISA Kit
RDR-CA19-5-Hu-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 820

Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) ELISA Kit
RD-CA19-5-Hu-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 563

Human Carbohydrate Antigen 19-5 (CA19-5) ELISA Kit
RD-CA19-5-Hu-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 783

Biotinylated Bovine Serum Albumin (Biotin-LC-BSA) (5 biotin/BSA)
7098-5
EUR 120

Osteostatin (1-5) (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat)
5-01665 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Ala2, 4, Tyr5] -beta-Casomorphin (1-5), amide, bovine
5-00085 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[D-Glu5, D-Trp7, 9, 10]-Substance P (5-11)
5-00114 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[Des-Ala1, des-Gly2, His4, 5, D-Trp8]-Somatostatin-14
5-00162 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Nickel NTA Agarose Cartridges 5ml,1 or 5 cartridges with 5 ml of resin each one
6BCL-NTANiCtg5-5 5 x 5ml
EUR 411

Protein G Affinity Cartridges 5ml,1 or 5 cartridges with 5 ml of resin each one
AF4PG-Ctg5-5 5 x 5ml
EUR 726

Osteostatin (1-5) amide (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat)
5-01666 4 x 5mg Ask for price

[Tyr8]-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (5-27), rat; [Tyr8]-Atriopeptin II, rat
5-00363 4 x 1mg Ask for price

ExoPure? 0.4 micron Immunobeads (Overall Exosome Isolation, cell media, 5 reactions)
M1030-5
EUR 664

ExoPure? 1.0 micron Immunobeads (Overall Exosome Isolation, cell media, 5 reactions)
M1031-5
EUR 664

TumorExoPure? 0.4 micron Immunobeads (Tumor-derived Exosome Isolation, biofluids, 5 reactions)
M1032-5
EUR 664

TumorExoPure? 1.0 micron Immunobeads (Tumor-derived Exosome Isolation, biofluids, 5 reactions)
M1033-5
EUR 664

MouseExoPure? 0.4 micron Immunobeads (Overall Exosome Isolation, mouse biofluids, 5 reactions)
M1034-5
EUR 648

MouseExoPure? 1.0 micron Immunobeads (Overall Exosome Isolation, mouse biofluids, 5 reactions)
M1035-5
EUR 648

Sodium hydroxide powder 5 M, 1000 ml
12-9183-5 1000 ml
EUR 122

Human Angiotensin II (5-8), pure (bioactive)
AT69-P-5 5 mg
EUR 286

We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register which comprises of references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings.